Results for "World's largest lithium deposit, valued at $1.5 tr"

Preliminary surveys by the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), are learnt to have shown the presence of 1,600 tonnes of lithium resources in the igneous rocks of the Marlagalla-Allapatna region of Karnataka’s Mandya district. CREDITS :-Chile Lithium india finds its first ever lithium reserves in karnataka mandya,lithium reserves in india,lithium reserve found in india,daily current affairs in hindi,lithium exploration on in four other states in india,lithium battery,india finds a small deposit in karnataka,24 february 2020 current affairs in hindi,the hindu daily news analysis in hindi,the hindu analysis in hindi,lithium reserve country,24 february current affairs in hindi,lithium ion battery,last one year current affairs in hindi #BatteryTechnology #Li_ionBattery #India #Nexus #Electric #vehicles #EVmarket #Technology #NewTechnology #LithiumIonBatteryManufacturingPlant #IndiasElectricCar #Lithium #NexusBattery _________________________________________ Disclaimer :- Video is for educational purpose only. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statue that might otherwise be infringing. -This video has no negative impact on the original works (It would actually be positive for them) -This video is also for teaching purposes. -It is not transformative in nature. -I only used bits and pieces of videos to get the point across where necessary. Like & Subscribe :-)

Mcdermitt Caldera may contain 20 to 40 tons of lithium

Indian Railways Plans To Reduce Travel Time By Three Hours On Mumbai-Delhi Route _________________________________________________ Article:- https://swarajyamag.com/news-brief/indian-railways-plans-to-reduce-travel-time-by-three-hours-on-mumbai-delhi-route _________________________________________________ "It is the vision of railways to increase the speed of trains on the Mumbai and New Delhi route. We have started work on the project in full swing. Tendering processes for different works to increase the speed is ongoing," an official said. Recently, Indian Railways has started rolling out upgraded Tejas smart coaches, equipped with intelligent sensor-based systems for Rajdhani Express. Currently, Rajdhani Express takes 15 hours to reach Delhi from Mumbai, and Railway authorities are targeting to reduce the travel time to 12 hours.

Godrej Partners With Railways To Reduce Time Taken For Assembling Coaches _________________________________________________________________ Article:- https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/godrej-partners-with-railways-to-reduce-time-taken-for-assembling-coaches-2509177 _________________________________________________________________ Godrej Tooling, an arm of the group's flagship Godrej & Boyce, will be designing and developing the universal coach assembly station as an indigenous solution for coach assembly fabrication in the Marathwada Railcoach Factory at Latur in Maharashtra, according to a statement. The universal coach assembly station will cut the time it takes to assemble a coach from 24 hours to 12 hours, it added. The company said it is eyeing a revenue of ₹ 100 crore from the industrial machines line of business in the next three years. #Manufacturing #Aluminium #railway #earning #Freight #DFC #ElectricTruck ________________________________________ Disclaimer :- Video is for educational purpose only. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statue that might otherwise be infringing. -This video has no negative impact on the original works (It would actually be positive for them) -This video is also for teaching purposes. -It is not transformative in nature. -I only used bits and pieces of videos to get the point across where necessary. Like & Subscribe :-

Lithium deposit valued at $1.5 trillion discovered in the U.S.

In this episode we discussed about the positive impact on the export ban of Raw Lithium by Zimbabwe and Nigeria. Does this mean African presidents are realising revenue / employment / development they are loosing by exporting Raw minerals. Lets watch the video and leave a comment. Don't forget to like and subscribe.

43 Million Tons: Germany Confirms One of the World's Largest Lithium Deposits in Former Gas Field

Rick Rule fireside chat with Lundin Group executives at VRIC 2020. Get the Secrets of Making Money in Gold & Gold Stocks today ➽ http://bit.ly/SecretsofGoldStocks In this video Rick Rule moderates panelists from the Lundin Group who give statements on their current projects including projections, costs, and potential value. Rick Rule is the Director, President, and CEO of Sprott US Holdings, Inc. Lundin Group Executives: Ron Hochstein - CEO & Director, Lundin Gold Corp. Adam Lundin - President, CEO & Director, Josemaria Resources Inc. Jamie Beck - President, Filo Mining Corp. David Cates - President & CEO, Denison Mines Corp. Rick Rules #1 Rule to Making money in the Resource business is to backing great people who are serially successful people. The Lundin family have built their companies in lean times and prospered in the good times. They have built real value. And their companies make some of the best investments for 2020. Ron Hochstein on Lundin Gold: Ron is providing forward looking statements for Lundin Gold: In Q4, 2019 Lundin produced gold in Fruta del Norte for the first time in 5 years. Lundin has taken Fruta del Norte from acquisition, to production and raised one billion in capital in five short years. In Q2, 2020 Fruta del Norte is being ramped up for commercial production. Fruta del Norte currently has five million ounces in current reserves at 8.6 grams per ton -site has produced gold as concentrate and gold doré - mining production is on schedule and on budget. Production: *310k Gold ounces per year *400k ounces in silver *15 years of life mine (planned to last longer) Current production cost is $621 dollars an ounce Expected costs to raise in 2020 as expenses go up - Great free cash flow business considering gold is trading at nearly $1700/ounce Free Cash Flow: 2020 - 6.6% 2021 - 10.23% 2022 - 15% $130 Million Cash on hand Significant yield as a percentage of market cap relative to peers in the gold mining industry. The four factors that will make a successful future for Lundin Gold: 1. Fruta del Norte ramping up to commercial production in Q2 2. Mine development is ahead of plan 3. Exploration upside in the area 4. Strong community support in Fruta del Norte Adam Lundin on Josemaria Resources Inc: 200 million market cap with Ludin Family owning 36% of shares San Juan Argentina is a very pro mining jurisdiction 100% Owned & Explorer Developed - Positioned great for the next copper/gold bull cycle Probable Reserves as of Q4 2019: *6.5 Billion Pounds of Copper *6.5 Million Ounces of Gold *29 million ounces of Silver $2.9 Billion NPV at 21.4% IRR Pre Tax - Mine Life 25 Years Average Annual Production: Copper- 125,000 tons Gold - 230,000 oz Silver - 790,000 oz Feasibility Study to be completed by Q3 2020 Jamie Beck on Filo Mining Company : 176 Million Market Cap - with Lundin Family owning 36% of shares Filo de Sol mining project in South America - Hose Maria * 4.4 million ounces of Gold - * 147 Million ounces of Silver * 3.1 Billion Pounds of Copper 13 Year mine Life - massive area of exploration. 10,000 meter drill target for 2020. David Kates on Denison Mines: Uranium sector is an unloved commodity currently. The fundamental picture is improving day by day. Flagship asset is the Wheeler River project which is in development stage which has 305,000 hectares of prospective exploration. Phoenix estimated to have lowest cost of any undeveloped Uranium mine. Fourteen year mine life. Capex of $322.5 Million Combined 109.4 Million Pounds of probable reserves. $9.00 fully loaded all in price per pound to produce. Possible 6 million pounds per year. First production in mid 2020. Denison is using the Griffin deposit development site as future leverage and contract cover. Studying the Hydrogeology to carry out mine planning has been very promising. If you liked this video from VRIC 2020 we have more great ones for you here: Fireside Chat with Ross Beaty & Marin Katusa https://youtu.be/jiV1oBE6-sU Why Liberty Gold Stock Is A Must Own Investment For 2020 https://youtu.be/an0r6tAPKis Peter Schiff VS Brent Johnson: The Future Of The US Dollar https://youtu.be/hT32GoZNCaw The Ultimate Gold Forecast For 2020 https://youtu.be/EK2Y9fVEbD0 #RickRule #Investing Copyright © 2020 Cambridge House International Inc. All rights reserved.

World's largest lithium deposit, valued at $1.5 trillion, lies under a supervolcano in the U.S.

Havfarm 1 is an offshore salmon farm about 5 km southwest of Hadseløya, Norway. At 385 m long and 59.5 m wide, it is the world’s largest semi-submersible structure ever build. It has a capacity to host 10,000 tons of salmon.

Interview with Dan Wilton, CEO of First Mining Gold Corp. Our previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/first-mining-gold-tsx-ff-5-million-financing-to-advance-springpole-duparquet-projects-4341 Recording date: 24th November 2023 First Mining Focused on Derisking Major Gold Assets While Awaiting Market Turn Despite an ongoing challenging environment for junior gold developers, First Mining Gold continues efforts to advance its portfolio of Canadian projects. The company aims to have its Springpole and Duparquet assets “shovel-ready” in time to benefit from the next bull market cycle in precious metals. Insiders including the CEO and Chairman recently backed these strategic plans, contributing over $2 million as part of First Mining’s latest $10 million financing. The raised capital will focus predominantly on critical path permitting and engineering at Springpole and Duparquet over the near-term horizon. Springpole contains one of the largest undeveloped gold deposits in Canada with existing resources to support a 36,000 tonne per day operation for 14 years. The 2021 pre-feasibility study outlined robust project economics including a net present value (NPV at 5%) of $1.5 billion and internal rate of return (IRR) of 29% at base case $1,500/oz gold. Meanwhile Duparquet located in Quebec’s prolific Abitibi mining region could support a 15,000 tonne per day underground operation producing over 200,000 ounces per year. The fall 2022 preliminary economic assessment (PEA) generated an NPV of $579 million and 17.5% IRR based on $1,600/oz gold. Financing and constructing either project remains challenging in the current environment, resulting in First Mining’s market capitalization drastically lagging projected asset values. Nonetheless, achieving de-risking milestones around engineering, permitting, and economic studies aims to enhance attractiveness for partnerships or takeovers. Management currently targets a key environmental assessment (EA) approval for Springpole by mid-2025 to align with expectations for improving precious metals markets. Similarly, the recently released positive Duparquet PEA sets the foundation for this project’s next stage of due diligence by larger entities. The insider backing provides sufficient working capital for the interim period where accessing external capital poses difficulties. While dilution still results for existing shareholders at depressed prices, project advancement supports efforts to realize value from Springpole and Duparquet in a multi-year timeframe. First Mining’s portfolio combined with insider confidence makes it an intriguing leveraged play on the pending turn in sentiment across the gold developer sector. Once bullish tailwinds reemerge, assets of this scale in tier-one jurisdictions could stage pronounced share price rebounds. Starting engineering and design work before costs inflate again seems sensible for positioning the next wave of potential mines. — View First Mining Gold's company profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/first-mining-gold Sign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com

Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan’s hopes to be self-sufficient in oil production were dashed as the expected oil and gas reserves in the Arabia Sea were not found. Exploration mission has been stopped off the coast of Karachi as the drillers hit the dry ‘wells’ despite drilling more than 5500 metres deep into the sea. It was officially announced on Saturday that the much-celebrated offshore drilling in Kekra-1 had been stopped because no reserves were found. The operators of the well have decided to plug it in the coming days, according to reports in Pakistani media. NEWS NOW is a independent, most credible, authentic, trusted, comprehensive and dedicated news channel to give a complete, fast and day-to-day coverage of all the latest happenings and detailed analysis of defense, military world, International politics, cinema industry, corporate world, mysterious world in an accurate, credible and comprehensive manner. #NEWSNOW #CredibleNewsChannel #MilitaryWorld Subscribe Now: https://goo.gl/40dVaL Stay Updated! 🔔 Follow us to stay updated: ► Visit the Website: http://newsnowliv.com ► Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/newsnowliv ► Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/newsnowliv

Interview with Bardin Davis, CEO of Peak Rare Earths Ltd. Recording date: 6th October 2023 Peak Rare Earths Limited (ASX:PEK) is an Australian company focused on developing the Ngualla Rare Earth Project in Tanzania. Ngualla is reportedly one of the largest and highest grade undeveloped rare earth deposits globally, with a 214Mt Mineral Resource and initial 24 year mine life. A recent Bankable Feasibility Study Update outlined robust economics including a US$1.5 billion NPV and 37% IRR. The project will produce a high-grade bastnaesite concentrate containing key magnet rare earths neodymium and praseodymium according to the company. Peak plans to develop Ngualla in stages, starting with a low capital "concentrate-only" operation producing 16,200tpa of rare earth oxide concentrate. This involves lower technical risk and leverages rising demand for high-grade feedstock as per Peak. The company has signed a Framework Agreement with the Tanzanian Government securing key rights and will target a Final Investment Decision in September 2023. Peak has also signed an offtake MOU with major shareholder Shenghe Resources. View Peak Rare Earths Company Profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/peak-rare-earths Sign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com

43 Million Tons: Germany Confirms One of the World's Largest Lithium Deposits in Former Gas Field

“A forgotten gas field in Germany just revealed a hidden resource that could transform Europe’s energy future. Tucked deep beneath Saxony-Anhalt, this unexpected discovery challenges global supply chains and reshapes the race for critical battery metals.” https://dailygalaxy.com/2026/01/germany-discovers-massive-lithium-deposit/

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This is the breakthrough that takes electric cars global. Not only is sodium far more abundant than lithium, being dramatically cheaper is crazy. From lithium's $100 per kwh to sodium's $20 per. So what's the drawback? Has to be one, right? Sodium is heavier than lithium. So people had thought that sodium battery chemistry might be constrained to grid scale batteries and stationary systems. But these power density figures are comparable to mid level lithium ion. And the cell does not require nickel or cobalt either. It uses a hard carbon electrode and prussian-blue cathode. The challenge now becomes scaling up the supply, and it's only going to get better from here. Big day for batteries.

visible ore of Lithium ( Spodumene) used for electrical batteries.

Fifty years ago, granite from the quarry was used in the Hirshhorn Museum’s original construction. Subscribe to WMTW on YouTube now for more: http://bit.ly/1lLKmoE Get more Portland news: http://www.wmtw.com Like us: http://www.facebook.com/wmtwtv Follow us: http://twitter.com/WMTWTV Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/wmtwtv/

Lithium Ore mine in Taraba State, Nigeria. This particular lithium ore is called amblygonite. Interested buyers can contact us via email @ augustinaimpex@gmail.com or WhatsApp @ +2349060904274

2.34 billion metric tons of rare earth minerals were just discovered in Wyoming. And a second Wyoming location looks to be as promising. So it looks like the Chinese stranglehold on rare earth minerals is coming to an end.

A monumental discovery has been made in the United States: a lithium deposit valued at approximately $1.5 trillion has been uncovered within the McDermitt Caldera, an ancient supervolcano straddling the Oregon-Nevada border. This deposit is estimated to contain between 20 to 40 million metric tons of lithium, potentially making it the largest known lithium reserve globally. Lithium, often referred to as "white gold," is a critical component in the production of batteries for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. The discovery could significantly bolster domestic battery production and reduce reliance on foreign imports. However, the development of this resource has sparked concerns among local communities and environmental groups. The proposed extraction methods may impact sensitive ecosystems, including habitats for species like the sage-grouse, and disturb areas of cultural significance to Indigenous tribes. Key Points Covered in This Video: Details of the lithium deposit within the McDermitt Caldera Potential economic and environmental impacts of the discovery Implications for the U.S. clean energy sector and global lithium market Perspectives from local communities and Indigenous groups Stay Informed: For more in-depth information, read the full article here: 🔗 Volcanic white gold: A lithium deposit valued at $1.5 trillion has been discovered in the U.S. https://www.earth.com/news/volcanic-white-gold-a-lithium-deposit-valued-at-1-5-trillion-has-been-discovered-in-the-u-s/

Mining on Brimstone from last summer.

Bags of Lithium Ore Spodumene kunzite Lepodilate etc @ AWUZUNWA LTD PPSC complex west of mines Jos Nigeria.

Discover the groundbreaking findings about the world's largest lithium deposit, nestled beneath a supervolcano on the Nevada-Oregon border! Valued at an astonishing $1.5 trillion, this colossal mineral treasure could reshape the global battery market for decades to come. Join us as we explore the McDermitt caldera, where scientists have identified 20 to 40 million metric tons of lithium-rich clay, forming a crucial resource for our electric future. Delve into the geological wonders that created this deposit and the environmental challenges it presents. Don't miss out on this exciting journey into the heart of lithium mining and its impact on technology and climate change! Like and share this video to spread the word! #Lithium #Supervolcano #McDermittCaldera #BatteryMarket #Sustainability #ClimateChange OUTLINE: 00:00:00 The Treasure Under McDermitt Caldera 00:02:11 How the Lithium Deposit Was Born 00:04:25 Why This Discovery is a Game-Changer 00:06:30 Lithium's Role in a Greener World 00:08:46 Balancing Progress with Protection

# JUNE 2023 NIOCORP RANKS AMONG TOP 30 REE PROJECTS ~ Global rare earth elements projects: New developments and supply chains: [Global rare earth elements projects: New developments and supply chains (sciencedirectassets.com)](https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271770/1-s2.0-S0169136823X00055/1-s2.0-S0169136823001439/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIB4fcjFFPDmMBpR4WIIsHt3cNUcLdvWSSUcfJnP0E7f1AiEA6HkcjlGHFBWLi0GxLY%2Fpr8bNiR48mq3SHR1InSjbEnUqsgUIdBAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDN8%2FBQAtl4cjNfpD7CqPBQe2%2BrZvn6x5JTBR51R0OmnQLZwSEk9hUGeFOXLVoRnrAnjXcVsHdM7kH6Jaam5cvWgNBtiexSfEy%2Bpi5tWCyMTZ4qDqhDCLxOI2%2FTTmioYJoKYua%2FpIgLDOyVE8lZxQuw6d3PoXAumqNEhz4SF2f9ni2gUahMAB9p3fnwNjHfTVdoBWt81I4e4COV6D5Ib8HREl9mePgPw%2Ff80hEK9lcC04swWYt1sqnI2R2Xr6d%2B7RbqE2njFKqUOijEdDNZjKZRSHpm5cSHYR1Cwp%2FMoiDvzZAkCz8D5cnvmRG5urzHZ32a%2FyUnGXPVj8pYjvTlxb5A%2F1x86Lxf6iJyoM7uJ3B2LVXw6JI0UvpU7466jrQz18CIeL3N%2FGz4Vkr%2BWrIFLf2azH2GVMiIRmsch5Lq5a1YuLIBZBcihlHuFGwzIRB8S7A7Q5r%2FNRIw4FSNSfr5CDxajXf%2BWaJqJc6vQ1E79PEvm%2BVv7HdjysLuF%2FxsEe%2B75KeWE4IlaXnSoTHgmicMyTDQqxH4XsAIU5rk62qheDbH9EHNUaRk92MjCN%2B40AOlcfWg6RaKm06bdCDhJL8bCOkzjmQfi%2BJzO0OlZkg44n1dK7Q6fjKWy4l4rQp2713jxkmrqb8zejyFcYdwwxr4tXTjWLRepLqvCPj4jYXtZvoPs9U9qR5ynuwmm6B3lZXVvOF7vHoXs9oZzHx7Ib80yBCXQg%2BjP13SkB%2F%2BPCT8KW2rwV2WAGDTa0T2P4dFDO7xHDFUarflXaCON1njlS84CvMS0M69lU72%2FtEuemWZKucUnpGAlKyREXOUYHFX5XBjxjWcOiPNojM5Q9Co%2BNcEvUHkAPbF%2FGJuyyrDsEnFVCNxmuh%2FrxVYN97tuG2r8PelIw6avhpwY6sQGpzDXav6k8S6KfUjd394YDPriWbqDRUdHRJZiaz6RQrKW%2F1zl2z7RQQruTTzYbwp6uTuUdSNKNYW6a4Vq3otpHJiQ%2FqwvO4g4%2Bk5%2FTAtiC3SQVmXkMv%2FXCQ8VuVv6zjXtMNoqFLNXcb%2B1BWT9I1ot6on7qAm%2BAflvKILQWUw1OQiLWHio46LVdumxg4ZctyKU5qQzZMqvNEoIWHn5tfOn8hbpMhQdYcZysvRAyNbCIHx8%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20230906T110951Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY2WZDJ5M2%2F20230906%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=6f7a43dcf988f426d5f0d3edabb6ecffdf2abb34fb6351e5b44e7cf27a7c0879&hash=54e5a1b6b2c5ed05723146863b8fbfe78b4ee024887fde4149121bbfe860e91f&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S0169136823001439&tid=spdf-acef2928-61c1-40ac-bb62-43bd8a0bf4ad&sid=e71c1ebc2169684a585941f355a67f5e90ccgxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=111d57515c5450575f&rr=802643197c7a4cc0&cc=us) https://preview.redd.it/cw1mv9pfcmmb1.png?width=944&format=png&auto=webp&s=67207d35c0df917a9ca7f93831000c1e1b67c7f6 https://preview.redd.it/33q44jsicmmb1.png?width=959&format=png&auto=webp&s=6c900d894e7fef66750867a644ae4f618825ef4e https://preview.redd.it/1rhxb0nbcmmb1.png?width=940&format=png&auto=webp&s=d0519ef90d0d388e61b00b4c79b8fc93ceeb9453 # Sept. 1, 2023 ~Elevating the Role of Critical Minerals for Development and Security [Elevating the Role of Critical Minerals for Development and Security (csis.org)](https://www.csis.org/analysis/elevating-role-critical-minerals-development-and-security) [ ](https://preview.redd.it/poze2nkycmmb1.png?width=1400&format=png&auto=webp&s=0faa45f4b4da480aa8fb3c06116d8c3205f9433d) # Introduction Over the next few decades, the role that copper and critical minerals play in achieving the energy transition, spurring economic development, and strengthening national security will continue to grow. The world is slowly shifting its energy mix to one that is greener, but this transition will require significant mining resources. This may seem counterintuitive, but many low-carbon technology components consist of key minerals and metals. According to the [International Energy Agency](https://www.iea.org/news/clean-energy-demand-for-critical-minerals-set-to-soar-as-the-world-pursues-net-zero-goals), within 20 years, the energy sector’s demand for minerals may increase by as much as six times, and demand from the low-carbon energy generation sector will triple. One estimate by [S&P Global](https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/mi/Info/0722/futureofcopper.html) suggests that more copper will need to be mined in the next few decades than has been extracted in the past several thousand years of human history. Mining and the processing of minerals are also crucial in maintaining the military’s technological edge, securing manufacturing supply chains, and pursuing sustainable development practices. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has [designated](https://www.usgs.gov/news/national-news-release/us-geological-survey-releases-2022-list-critical-minerals) 50 critical minerals “essential to the economic and national security of the U.S.,” and the Department of Defense (DOD) has [identified](https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2649649/the-defense-departments-strategic-and-critical-materials-review/) more than 250 “strategic and critical materials,” defined as those “those that support military and essential civilian industry.” Yet unlike some strategic allies, such as [Canada](https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/nrcan-rncan/site/critical-minerals/Critical-minerals-strategyDec09.pdf), the United States does not consider copper to be a critical mineral (see Box 1 for more on these definitions). Mining will also become increasingly important for economic development. The top 40 mining companies had a combined revenue of [$711 billion](https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/energy-utilities-resources/publications/mine.html) in 2022. The global mining market had a compound annual growth rate of [6.1 percent](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/04/21/2651931/0/en/Mining-Global-Market-Report-2023.html#:~:text=The%20global%20mining%20market%20grew,(CAGR)%20of%206.1%25.) between 2022 and 2023, reaching $2.15 trillion, and is expected to grow to $2.78 trillion by 2027. In the United States alone, mining accounted for [1.9 percent](https://www.bls.gov/productivity/highlights/manufacturing-mining-labor-productivity.htm) of GDP and employed over half a million people. In this regard, the Western Hemisphere is emerging as a key source of some of these minerals. With their considerable reserves of copper and other critical minerals such as lithium and nickel, countries in the Western Hemisphere have attracted significant investment in mining projects. Latin America, for example, currently supplies [40 percent of the world’s copper and 35 percent of the world’s lithium](https://www.iea.org/commentaries/latin-america-s-opportunity-in-critical-minerals-for-the-clean-energy-transition). Mining offers an opportunity for economic development, but the region needs to adjust policies to better steward these resources in order for the sector to continue to play a development role. # Mining’s Implications for U.S. National Security and Defense Even though these minerals and materials are integral to national security, the United States has lost its mining dominance and is not as involved or invested in their extraction or production as it should be. Since the early 2000s, for example, the United States has become [import dependent](https://www.csis.org/analysis/geopolitics-critical-minerals-supply-chains) for its supply of rare earth oxides. Recent trends suggest the sustainability of a mineral-dependent national defense is in jeopardy. The [DOD’s Strategic and Critical Materials 100-day Sector Review](https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2649649/the-defense-departments-strategic-and-critical-materials-review/) identified several [risks](https://www.kslaw.com/news-and-insights/critical-minerals-and-materials-biden-administration-issues-100-day-supply-chain-review-report) in this sector, including the concentration of supply, single-source suppliers, price shocks, human-capital gaps, forced labor, and conflict minerals and organized crime. The National Defense Stockpile (NDS) previously held about 14,000 metric tons of rare-earth materials—roughly 7 percent of current international market holdings—but much of the stock was [liquidated after the Cold War.](https://www.heritage.org/defense/report/revitalizing-the-national-defense-stockpile-era-great-power-competition) Moreover, the U.S. government has also missed numerous opportunities to protect the interests of U.S. mining firms, for example during the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement and other free trade agreements. This oversight has threatened U.S. foreign direct investment in countries such as Mexico, where leaders have sought to nationalize several mines. ​ https://preview.redd.it/mlwc3nffdmmb1.png?width=735&format=png&auto=webp&s=560546d88cb085757b6e668cc4f78b09e563a113 China and its state-owned enterprises are [significantly ahead of the United States](https://orocoresourcecorp.com/_resources/blog/Future-of-Copper.pdf) in production and ownership of smelting, refining, and mining assets, thereby giving it a leg up with respect to global processing. After making a shrewd bet in the 2000s by running operations at a loss with state subsidies making up the difference, China now dominates the industry. China [accounts](https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/12/14/rare-earth-mines-00071102) for 63 percent of the world’s rare earth mining and has the most reserves of REEs in the world with [44 million metric tons](https://www.statista.com/statistics/277268/rare-earth-reserves-by-country/) of as of 2022. Meanwhile, the United States ranks sixth with 2.3 million metric tons. As of 2019, [China](https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions/executive-summary) was processing 65 percent of the world’s cobalt, an important component of permanent magnets used in military technologies such as [smart bombs, aircraft, and precision-guided missiles](https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/R41744.pdf). What is most concerning is that China has already demonstrated its willingness to exploit supply-chain vulnerabilities by imposing sanctions against [U.S. defense contractors](https://asiatimes.com/2022/02/china-takes-rare-earth-aim-at-raytheon-and-lockheed/) and limiting exports of germanium and gallium; a Chinese trade policy official [warned in July 2023](https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/china-adviser-warns-chipmaking-export-curbs-are-just-start-yellen-visit-looms-2023-07-05/) that such export controls are “just the start.” The United States has too little production capacity and possesses too few of the world’s reserves to entertain the idea of self-sufficiency. It will need the support of partners and allies. Fortunately, countries in the Western Hemisphere are promising sources for many critical minerals, including REEs. Chile and Peru lead the world’s [copper production](https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023-copper.pdf), while Mexico and Peru lead in [silver production](https://pubs.usgs.gov/myb/vol1/2018/myb1-2018-silver.pdf). [Colombia](https://www.bnamericas.com/en/interviews/colombia-bets-on-gold-and-copper-mining) is positioning itself to become a leading copper and gold producer. Moreover, [Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile](https://thesimonscenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/IAJ-12-2-pg41-55.pdf) together possess roughly half of the world’s current lithium reserves. Brazil has the third-largest reserves of REEs (tied with Russia) at [21 million metric tons](https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/critical-metals-investing/rare-earth-investing/rare-earth-reserves-country/). Latin America’s emergence as a source of some of these critical minerals is gaining attention, and competition for investment is increasing in the region. China is investing heavily in mining and energy projects throughout Latin America. State-owned enterprise PowerChina has more than [50 current energy projects](https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/china-regional-snapshot-south-america/) across at least [15 countries](https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-influence-latin-america-argentina-brazil-venezuela-security-energy-bri#chapter-title-0-7) in Latin America, including in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. China has invested over [$10 billion](https://foreignaffairs.house.gov/china-regional-snapshot-south-america/) in Peru’s mining industry, “controlling seven of Peru’s largest mines, 100% of Peru’s iron production, and 25% of their copper output.” In 2021, Chinese company Ganfeng Lithium [partially purchased](https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/opportunity-address-chinas-growing-influence-over-latin-americas-mineral-resources) one of Argentina’s leading lithium mining projects, and Chinese company Zijin Mining plans to invest $380 million in a lithium carbonate plant in Argentina. The United States cannot afford for China to carry on without contest. # Broaden the Definition of Which Minerals Are ‘Critical’ First, the U.S. government needs to reassess its current mineral-related definitions since rigid lists can stifle innovation, limit manufacturing capacity, and create future bottlenecks. For example, copper is the DOD’s [second-most utilized material](https://mineralsmakelife.org/blog/minerals-and-metals-play-a-key-role-in-our-national-defense/#:~:text=Copper%20is%20the%20second%20most,systems%20and%20other%20defense%20technologies.), making it central to national security. Copper is an [ideal material](https://copper.org/environment/green/sustainable_material.php) for building a sustainable world due to its resistance to corrosion, high ductility, malleability, recyclability, and [thermal and electrical conductivity](https://copper.org/environment/sustainable-energy/). Yet unlike some strategic allies, the U.S. [government](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/media/files/2022%20Final%20List%20of%20Critical%20Minerals%20Federal%20Register%20Notice_2222022-F.pdf) does not consider copper to be a critical mineral. [The Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy](https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/nrcan-rncan/site/critical-minerals/Critical-minerals-strategyDec09.pdf), for example, recognizes copper’s significance, and Canada has proposed a Critical Minerals Exploration Tax Credit of 30 percent to companies that support the exploration of copper and other minerals. In February 2023, a bipartisan group of U.S. senators wrote an open [letter](https://www.sinema.senate.gov/sites/default/files/2023-02/Senate%20Letter%20to%20DOI_Copper%20as%20a%20Critical%20Mineral_2.2.23.pdf) questioning the USGS’s [rejection](https://www.mining.com/copper-loses-battle-in-fight-for-critical-mineral-status-in-the-us/) of copper as an official critical mineral. The USGS’s [response](https://subscriber.politicopro.com/eenews/f/eenews/?id=00000188-4953-d998-ab8f-fb5f223b0000) acknowledged copper’s importance and the possibility of reevaluation but ultimately dismissed its concerns. Rather than overlooking what is not deemed “critical” or “strategic,” the mineral security strategy should be more expansive. It is impossible to know which minerals future generations of cutting-edge technology will require. Disfavoring certain minerals could inhibit innovation and create shortages down the line. The validity of a mining operation should not be contingent on lists that fail to update at a satisfactory rate or rely on limited data. Rather, the U.S. mineral strategy should seek to be as nimble as possible. # Designate a Lead Agency and Craft a Comprehensive Strategy Second, the U.S. government should designate a lead agency to spearhead a comprehensive mining strategy and harmonized federal regulations. [Since 2010](https://www.csis.org/analysis/geopolitics-critical-minerals-supply-chains), U.S. policymakers have been refocusing attention on critical mineral supply chains by forming interagency working groups, issuing executive orders, and publishing white papers. However, the U.S. government has a fragmented approach in which several agencies and bureaus—including the [Department of Energy](https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/10/19/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-driving-u-s-battery-manufacturing-and-good-paying-jobs/), the [Department of Labor](https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/safety-health/mining), the [Department of the Interior](https://www.doi.gov/ocl/mining-law-reform), the [Department of Agriculture](https://www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/natural-resources/geology/minerals), the [Army Corps of Engineers](https://www.epa.gov/smartsectors/mining-sector-information#epa), and the [Environmental Protection Agency](https://www.epa.gov/smartsectors/mining-sector-information)—are involved in drafting mining regulation. Consolidating the development, management, and execution of mining policy would allow all branches of government to carry out a singular, comprehensive, and well-coordinated mining strategy that weaves this central sector into the economic, energy, environmental, and national security of the United States. Harmonizing U.S. agencies’ efforts would benefit mining-related activities by preventing duplicative or clashing domestic and foreign policy agendas. This is yet another way in which China is clearly outpacing the United States. Mining is a priority for China’s economic diplomacy, especially through its Belt and Road Initiative—to which 22 Latin American countries have [signed on](https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10982) since its launch in 2013. Beijing has free trade agreements with Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Peru, granting it easier access to their exports of minerals such as lithium, copper, gold, and iron ore. Nicaragua has also reportedly [completed](https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/a-warm-july-in-china-nicaragua-relations/) negotiations for a free trade agreement with China, and [Honduras](https://www.reuters.com/world/china-honduras-launch-negotiations-over-free-trade-agreement-2023-07-04/) began its own negotiations in July. By contrast, U.S. engagement on mining issues in its backyard is woefully behind. # Increase Extraction and Processing at Home to Signal Commitment Abroad Third, increasing mining operations domestically would signal to potential partners in the Western Hemisphere that the United States is not merely a buyer and is invested in developing its own mining capacity. In other words, the United States needs to overcome a firmly held “not in my backyard” attitude and start [digging](https://www.csis.org/analysis/united-states-needs-shift-perspective-mining) at home. One main challenge is the cumbersome permitting process that stifles the level of domestic extraction. The U.S. permitting process is headed by the Department of Interior, which has timelines that are unfeasible for investors. In addition, it is not unheard of for the government to retroactively revoke permits, further disincentivizing firms from establishing domestic operations. In 2023, for example, the Army Corps of Engineers, at the Environmental Protection Agency’s behest, [retroactively revoked a permit](https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/us-army-corps-revokes-permit-for-minnesota-newrange-mine-cites-threat-to-downstream-tribes-water-standards/89-3ba8d575-4a89-4899-976d-6547a2dd3aee) to expand nickel and copper mining operations in Minnesota after Indigenous groups protested that the mine would fail to comply with more stringent tribal environmental standards. Overhauling the permitting process has been dismissed as too daunting a task, but reforming the 151-year-old Mining Law of 1872 would not take much time—especially compared to the [7 to 10 years](https://nma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Infographic_SNL_minerals_permitting_5.7_updated.pdf) the average U.S. mining company waits to obtain a permit. For perspective, obtaining a mine permit takes 2 to 3 years in Australia and Canada. # Develop a More Compelling Narrative Fourth, the United States needs to develop a more compelling narrative on the need to invest in mining abroad. China is central to U.S. supply chain vulnerabilities, but many developing nations see this as irrelevant. More captivating messaging could make potential partners in the Western Hemisphere view the United States as more attractive than China. Similarly, the argument for U.S. defense needs falls flat with many Latin American countries, many of which already view expanded cooperation with the United States with a certain degree of suspicion. Some Latin American countries have raised concerns that U.S. attempts to spur greater collaboration on exploring, extracting, and processing critical minerals may not be mutually beneficial. For example, the establishment of the [Minerals Security Partnership](https://www.state.gov/minerals-security-partnership/) (MSP) in 2022, which does not include any Latin American countries, has reinforced worries that the United States is merely interested in extracting resources, not developing local industry. The United States should identify the areas in which it has comparative advantage and showcase its competitive strengths (including transferring technology and know-how, employing local professionals, and applying quality standards in mining and processing) to deter these countries from doing business with China. At the same time, U.S. foreign policy is sometimes at odds with its domestic agenda. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 seeks to prioritize domestic production of minerals, yet few such operations exist. The Clean Vehicle Tax Credit and the Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit of 2022 privilege domestically sourced critical materials over most foreign-sourced products—conflicting with other U.S. requirements for obtaining minerals from partners and coming as a shock to countries such as Brazil, with whom the United States had [established](https://br.usembassy.gov/joint-statement-on-the-establishment-of-the-u-s-brazil-critical-minerals-working-group/) a Critical Minerals Working Group in 2020. # Conclusion Mining’s strategic importance in ensuring decarbonization, strengthening national security, and contributing to economic development is understated, and the U.S. government currently lacks a coherent approach to it. The mineral-related imbalance in which the United States finds itself will only worsen if it does not adopt a comprehensive and bipartisan strategy. As the Department of Defense has articulated, correcting course will require a [whole-of-government](https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2649649/the-defense-departments-strategic-and-critical-materials-review/) approach that includes companies, nongovernmental organizations, and government agencies. Mining’s centrality to an effective, green transition and to military readiness makes reaching a consensus on this issue dire. # TAKE A PEEK AT THE ELK CREEK PROJECT! # [NioCorp Developments Ltd. – Critical Minerals Security](https://www.niocorp.com/) https://preview.redd.it/8gv13oplemmb1.png?width=1581&format=png&auto=webp&s=0837541e8615f787e58400a8a41f8404933b38d9 https://preview.redd.it/9rm8jpptemmb1.png?width=1576&format=png&auto=webp&s=91093fc9b03fbbfdbb537bf64d971d58a99e1d31 https://preview.redd.it/dy8829cremmb1.png?width=1574&format=png&auto=webp&s=7e7e7ab7d16d8978a67036665931dd44b77e6517 https://preview.redd.it/caa12lcxemmb1.png?width=1590&format=png&auto=webp&s=2d9767c0ab086533476f11d02c836101146deac3 # RECAP: # Sharing Responses from Jim Sims to three relevant questions on 3/13/2023 *\*\*Jim-\*\*A) Could you offer comment on What Scope 3 emissions mean for the Elk Creek mine moving forward into production & to the end users utilizing the products being processed at the mine? & Would Niocorp's Scope 3 Carbon Emission Reductions qualify for/as "Carbon Credits" in the context above? Could/Does Niocorp's "Carbon Friendly GHG/ESG" mining processes & work scope qualify for- INNOVATIVE CLEAN ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEES | Department of Energy?* **Response:** **"We have made an internal estimate of the benefits of our planned products at a Scope 3 emissions level. However, the definition and applicability of Scope 3 emissions must eventually be determined by government regulators, and the SEC is examining many aspects of this issue now. At present and in general, carbon credits are created by mitigation measures taken at the Scope 1 emissions level, although there are several different approaches being examined across the U.S. As to DOE programs, I am not allowed to comment on that at this time."** *B) Is/Could an "ANCHOR" Investor/s still have interest in the Elk Creek Project? Comment If you can... (A,B,C,D.... as all options are on the table.)* **Response:** # "Yes. " *C) (Follow up) - Is Niocorp still engaged with "Several Federal Agencies" other than the EXIM Bank as sources for "Debt" or Off-take agreements? Comment if you can...* ***Response:*** # "Yes, multiple federal agencies, elected officials in the Congress, and the WH. " [ Niocorp TEAM at the White-House Jan. 2023 \(Rumors they might have been back recently are being heard!\)....?????](https://preview.redd.it/5b7vq567fmmb1.png?width=800&format=png&auto=webp&s=341d4ece4976c8ab31205029c1081f617e8d9d0e) # MARCH 2023~Export-Import Bank of the United States Issues Letter of Interest to NioCorp for Potential Debt Financing of up to $800 Million for NioCorp’s Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project~ [Export-Import Bank of the United States Issues Letter of Interest to NioCorp for Potential Debt Financing of up to $800 Million for NioCorp's Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project - NioCorp Developments Ltd.](https://www.niocorp.com/niocorp-receives_800-million-letter-of-interest-from-exim-bank/) *(THE SAME EXIM BANK THAT WANTS TO SUPPORT U.S. BASED MAGNET & CRITICAL MINERALS MENTIONED HERE -* [file (doc.gov)](https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/section-232-investigations/3142-2022-09-fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-actions-to-secure-rare-earth-element/file) *)* https://preview.redd.it/ffmgyzphfmmb1.png?width=1080&format=png&auto=webp&s=80a8676731f838a6a23c960724dc9a977b338a04 # JULY 6, 2023 ~Stellantis and NioCorp Sign Rare Earth Offtake Term Sheet in Support of Stellantis’ Commitment to Reaching Carbon Net Zero by 2038 ~ TERM SHEET IS IN PLAY!!!! *(GM choose MP materials* [*Rare Earths MMI: GM, MP Materials reach rare earth magnets deal; MP to build Texas magnet factory - MetalMiner (agmetalminer.com)*](https://agmetalminer.com/2021/12/10/rare-earths-mmi-gm-mp-materials-reach-rare-earth-magnets-deal-mp-to-build-texas-magnet-factory/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CUnder%20the%20long-term%20agreement%2C%20MP%20Materials%20will%20supply,begins%20in%202023%2C%E2%80%9D%20GM%20said%20in%20a%20release.) *....* ***Perhaps Stellantis will choose Niocorp!??)*** # [Stellantis and NioCorp Sign Rare Earth Offtake Term Sheet in Support of Stellantis’ Commitment to Reaching Carbon Net Zero by 2038 | NioCorp Developments Ltd.](https://www.niocorp.com/stellantis-and-niocorp-sign-rare-earth-offtake-term-sheet-in-support-of-stellantis-commitment-to-reaching-carbon-net-zero-by-2038/) https://preview.redd.it/oomtcjttfmmb1.png?width=1080&format=png&auto=webp&s=3cc1a5c2561987141743541b81e1debd773b3c7f # Term Sheet Also Envisions a Possible Strategic Investment by Stellantis in NioCorp’s Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project **AMSTERDAM and CENTENNIAL, Colo. – July 6, 2023 –** [**Stellantis N.V.**](https://www.stellantis.com/en) **(“Stellantis”) and NioCorp Developments Ltd. (“NioCorp” or the “Company“)** **(Nasdaq:NB) (TSX:NB) today** **announced the signing of a Rare Earth Offtake Term Sheet (“Term Sheet”). The objective is to enter into a definitive rare earth supply agreement to support Stellantis’ commitment to build resilient supply chains and reach** [**carbon net zero by 2038**](https://www.stellantis.com/en/responsibility/carbon-net-zero-strategy) **and to help accelerate NioCorp’s path to commercial production of magnetic rare earth oxides in the U.S.** **The Term Sheet executed today envisions a definitive agreement for a 10-year offtake contract for specific amounts of neodymium-praseodymium oxide, dysprosium oxide, and terbium oxide that NioCorp aims to produce at its Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project (the “Elk Creek Project“) in southeast Nebraska, subject to the receipt of adequate project financing.  Final volumes would be set in a definitive agreement.** # JULY 24, 2023~ Sharing Recent Responses to Relevant Questions From Niocorp's Management Team: A) Can Investors Expect an update Presentation once the 2023 F.S. is announced? **Response:** # "YES" B) Will Niocorp be doing a worldwide P.R. campaign once the 2023 F.S. is announced? **Response:** # "YES" C) Answer if you can-       Are "OTHER Entities" besides STELLANTIS & EXIM BANK still interested in the ELK Creek Project as possible Anchor Investors, Loan Guarantees Debt/Equity/Finance, &/or future Offtake agreements? **Response:** # "YES" ***DoE/LPO & U.S. Govt. Still has some CASH LEFT IN THE TANK! .....*** ***(AUGUST REPORT SHOULD BE OUT ANY DAY NOW>>>>> The Govt. Entities DO NOT ALLOW COMMENT ON APPLICATIONS ... "Until they can!")*** https://preview.redd.it/xt6clm6ngmmb1.png?width=820&format=png&auto=webp&s=9f643b49c74215488bccc1b9d0f67ee2ddbe14c4 # AUGUST 14, 2023 ~NioCorp Succeeds in Producing Scandium Metal at Pilot-Scale as Part of its Aluminum-Scandium Master Alloy Initiative~ [NioCorp Succeeds in Producing Scandium Metal at Pilot-Scale as Part of its Aluminum-Scandium Master Alloy Initiative | NioCorp Developments Ltd.](https://www.niocorp.com/niocorp-succeeds-in-producing-scandium-metal-at-pilot-scale-as-part-of-its-aluminum-scandium-master-alloy-initiative/) [ NioCorp’s Pilot-Scale Test Program Demonstrates an Environmentally Superior Process for Producing Scandium Metal](https://preview.redd.it/plpbzr89hmmb1.png?width=1080&format=png&auto=webp&s=5a7dc1c9a964f84d303015f0c874d65273f99593) ***Testing Now Proceeds to Producing Aluminum-Scandium Master Alloy, Which NioCorp Plans to Make in Conjunction with its Expected Production of \~100 Tonnes/Year of Scandium Oxide at the Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project in Nebraska, Once Project Financing is Obtained*** **CENTENNIAL, Colo. (August 14, 2023) – A phased program to establish U.S. commercial production of aluminum-scandium (“AlSc”) master alloy took another step forward recently as NioCorp Developments Ltd. (“NioCorp” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ:NB) (TSX:NB) and its development partner Nanoscale Powders LLC (“Nanoscale”) successfully produced scandium metal at pilot-scale at a facility owned and operated by Creative Engineers in Pennsylvania.** The next step in the pilot-scale program is to produce kilogram-sized ingots of AlSc master alloy for independent testing and commercial product samples.  The first of these AlSc master alloy ingots is expected to be produced in the coming weeks. # (IT'S BEEN A FEW WEEKS! ....It would be nice to see some SCANDIUM ALLOY INGOTS!!!) # FORM YOUR OWN OPINIONS & CONCLUSIONS: **GIVEN : The June 2022 updated Feasibility Studies NPV currently does not include any UPDATED ECONOMICS from the ongoing Final Demonstration Plant operations! One can imagine below what the possibilities might be once Rare Earths & improved Recovery Rates for Titanium & Niobium are added into a final 2023 F.S.** # I CAN IMAGINE & SPECULATE THE FOLLOWING: # REE production “North of 750 tons per year!” per Scott Honan NioCorp Developments has a " very Large Rare Earth deposit" in Nebraska (See Video Below) [https://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/982962/niocorp-developments-has-a-very-large-rare-earth-deposit-in-nebraska-982962.htm](https://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/982962/niocorp-developments-has-a-very-large-rare-earth-deposit-in-nebraska-982962.html) # My guess NIOCORP'S TOP 30 REE WORLD-CLASS PROJECT "COULD" produce the following when compared to MP materials & 3 other U.S. projects (& This could be low! (**NIOCORP could produce 1000 TONS PER/YEAR given the metrics of the deposit IMHO!)** **600 tons per year Ny/Pr = 600,000kg x $134 = $80,400,000** **24 tons per year of Tb = 24,000kg x $1,800 = $43,200,000** **120 tons per year of Dy = 120,000kg x $260 = $31,200,000** **Total REE annual value prior to OPEX = $154,800,000 Million at 750 Tons/yr.** **\~ I THINK Niocorp's numbers for Dy & Tr might be a touch more! 30mt & 170mt respectively??? I wouldn't put it past SCOTT & the Team to be able to push output to 1,000 Tons per year!??T.B.D.\~That’s $150M plus +\~ in additional earnings (Before Opex).** # **NOTE: This doesn’t include increased recovery rates for the Nb & Ti $$$.~Niocorp "Could" push earnings to $600 Million/year~(*****NOTE: Improved Recoveries of Niobium, & Titanium as an improved Titanium Oxide. CaCO3 & MgCO3 New Byproducts & a possible Fe product T.B.D. - "Oh my!") **\*\*\*\*\~MP MATERIALS CAN ONLY PRODUCE LIGHT RARE EARTHS!!!!! & WILL NOT PRODUCE NIOBIUM, SCANDIUM OR TITANIUM\~\*\*\*\*** https://preview.redd.it/s4al3w02immb1.png?width=800&format=png&auto=webp&s=6441c5c8f943a0688a1bdf68e7fcbe5aefbb897d # Waiting with many! # Go Team NIOCORP! Chico

# NIOBIUM-TITANIUM OXIDE - APRIL 26, 2023 ~Kubota to produce EV battery material that boosts performance~ # [Kubota to produce EV battery material that boosts performance - Nikkei Asia](https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Technology/Kubota-to-produce-EV-battery-material-that-boosts-performance) [ Farm equipment maker Kubota will start producing a material for electric-vehicle batteries, aiming to create a new revenue source. \(Photo by Arisa Moriyama\) ](https://preview.redd.it/bub2w0o887wa1.png?width=1400&format=png&auto=webp&s=a1be6fd5007e1a00fafc6b3e1e9a10b6ee91fc03) OSAKA- JAPANESE farm machinery builder KUBOTA will begin manufacturing a material expected to make electric-vehicle batteries charge faster and last longer. Kubota recently established technology to mass-produce TITANIUM-NIOBIUM oxide, an alternative to graphite as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. -(Article continues via subscription...) ​ # China ramps up rare-earth production to meet EV, wind power demand Beijing raises cap amid rising demand and worry over risk to U.S. imports [China ramps up rare-earth production to meet EV, wind power demand - Nikkei Asia](https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Materials/China-ramps-up-rare-earth-production-to-meet-EV-wind-power-demand) ​ [ Soil containing rare earths is transported for export at a port in China's Jiangsu province, a producer of the metals.   © Reuters ](https://preview.redd.it/kuianx1397wa1.png?width=1400&format=png&auto=webp&s=6096bf784c2f8e39c9b64118e3b0f409a1ad649f) BEIJING -- State-owned Chinese resources developers are expanding production of rare-earth metals in response to higher government quotas, working to build a supply chain that can handle growing demand for electric vehicles and other high-tech products. China Northern Rare Earth (Group) High-Tech, China's biggest player in the field,in March announced plans to expand a refining & processing facility in Inner Mongolia into one of the largest in the world. The 7.8 Billion yuan ($1.1 billion) project is expected to take a year & a half to build..... -(Article continues via subscription...) # April 25, 2023 ~GM, Samsung partner to build $3 billion US battery plant~ [GM and Samsung partner to build a new $3 billion battery cell factory in the US | Electrek](https://electrek.co/2023/04/25/gm-samsung-sdi-build-battery-cell-factory-us/) https://preview.redd.it/h30vm3w1s7wa1.png?width=1500&format=png&auto=webp&s=1c6633e986e71afa807b891a2c2cff513ec504c1 GM and Samsung SDI have announced that they are partnering to build a new $3 billion battery cell factory in the US to power GM’s electric vehicles. It’s a change for GM, which has so far been mostly partnered with LG Energy for its battery cell supply. For the last few years, GM has been heavily investing in battery manufacturing in the US in order to support its transition to electric vehicles. It partnered with Korea’s LG to create Ultium Cells, a new joint venture to build battery cells in the US. The partnership has already resulted in three battery factories in the US that are now in production or construction phases. There’s [one in Ohio](https://electrek.co/2022/09/01/gm-begins-us-ultium-battery-production-for-hummer-ev/), [one in Tennessee](https://electrek.co/2021/04/14/gm-second-massive-battery-cell-gigafactory-us-lg/), and [one in Michigan](https://electrek.co/2022/01/25/gm-lg-giant-new-50-gwh-battery-cell-factory-us/). GM and LG have been working on a fourth US battery factory, but it was reported in January that the plan for a new battery plant in the US is [on hold “indefinitely” ](https://electrek.co/2023/01/20/gm-and-lg-halt-plans-for-a-fourth-ev-battery-plant-in-the-us/)after talks between GM and LG failed to move forward. ## GM now partners with Samsung SDI Now GM is announcing a partnership with Samsung SDI to build a new battery cell factory in the US: >**General Motors Co. and Samsung SDI announced today they plan to invest more than $3 billion to build a new battery cell manufacturing plant in the United States that is targeted to begin operations in 2026.** In a press release, GM announced that the new factory will have a capacity of “more than 30 GWh” and it will bring GM’s total capacity in the US to about 160 GWh. Interestingly, GM and Samsung are talking about building production lines to build both “nickel-rich prismatic and cylindrical cells.” Doug Parks, GM executive vice president, Global Product Development, Purchasing and Supply Chain, commented: >**We will continue to scale production and optimize the chemistry of our pouch cells for performance, range and cost using new approaches pioneered at GM’s Wallace Battery Center and by our technology partners. The introduction of new cell form factors will allow us to expand into even more segments more quickly and integrate cells directly into battery packs to reduce weight, complexity and costs. With multiple strong cell partners, we can scale our EV business faster than we could going it alone.** GM and Samsung SDI are not ready to disclose where in the US the new factory will be located. ## Electrek’s Take It’s an interesting development. GM seemed to have one of the strongest battery cell partnerships in the US with LG Energy through its Ultium Cells joint venture. That partnership was certainly shaken by the Bolt EV battery recall, but it seemed to still be going strong. And it might still be going strong. This might be just a smart move from GM to diversify its battery cell supply chain. ​ # DoE/LPO RELEASES ~ FY 2022 Annual Portfolio Status Report: Returning to a Growing Portfolio~ on APRIL 24, 2023 # [FY 2022 Annual Portfolio Status Report: Returning to a Growing Portfolio | Department of Energy](https://www.energy.gov/lpo/articles/fy-2022-annual-portfolio-status-report-returning-growing-portfolio?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery) *In fiscal year (FY) 2022 the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Loan Programs Office (LPO) reached a new success milestone for the first time in almost a decade—as the organization entered growth mode it has the prospect to rapidly expand the portfolio of closed loans. The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) greatly increased LPO’s capacity to promote critical investments in energy technology, transportation, and critical infrastructure in the Unites States; and LPO moved quickly and carefully to implement these changes in an effective manner that fulfills the mission of the office while protecting taxpayer resources. All told, FY 2022 marked the beginning of a new era of opportunities for federal support for low-carbon innovation and new avenues of economic growth. LPO achieved 4 new conditional commitments for over $4B in loans in FY 2022, significantly advancing its mission to empower the private sector in the clean energy transition. In FY 2022, LPO also closed its first loans in both its Title 17 and ATVM programs since 2015. Every active LPO borrower remaining in the portfolio repaid principal in FY 2022, achieving $1.7 billion in principal retirement and $523 million in interest payments to the U.S. Treasury. Cumulative principal payments now exceed $13.7 billion, 43% of the $31.6 billion LPO has disbursed. The portfolio remains concentrated in creditworthy assets, with 70% of exposure held by investment grade borrowers, and it maintains a low aggregate loss rate of 3% of funds disbursed.* ​ https://preview.redd.it/jhp8iv7bb7wa1.png?width=1019&format=png&auto=webp&s=0ec52d688570efc581cb617b76d678752a25d57d # LPO provides loans and loan guarantees for large-scale energy infrastructure projects in the United States. LPO administers four programs: **• The Title 17 Clean Energy Financing Program, which finances next-generation U.S. energy infrastructure;** **• The Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program, which finances U.S. manufacturing of fuel-efficient, advanced technology vehicles and qualifying components;** **• The Tribal Energy Financing Program, which finances tribal ownership of energy development projects; and** **•The Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation (CIFIA) Program, which LPO will manage in partnership with DOE's Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management and is designed to support large capacity, common carrier carbon dioxide transport projects.** *Leveraging collective decades of financial, technical, legal, and environmental experience of its team members, LPO has closed more than $36 billion in loans and loan guarantees that help enable decarbonization technologies to become bankable so that they can be scaled via commercial debt markets. LPO addresses the financing gaps that arise when commercial lenders are unwilling to issue any or adequate debt or when a project deploys technology that has yet to demonstrate an adequate history of commercial operations.* *Once LPO closes a loan or loan guarantee, projects are monitored and evaluated throughout project construction, commissioning, and operation until the loan has been repaid in full, protecting taxpayer interests. With a proven track record that includes transforming existing energy infrastructure, reviving nuclear construction, accelerating the growth of utility-scale solar and wind, and expanding the domestic manufacturing of electric vehicles (EVs), LPO has helped de-risk emerging energy technologies, unlock new business models, and mobilize private spending.* ​ https://preview.redd.it/4f636lh3c7wa1.png?width=767&format=png&auto=webp&s=668c6385f8041b770f081e26a365eb1a361d5708 # SEE ALSO # DoE/LPO~ Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Carbon Management [Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Carbon Management (energy.gov)](https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/20230424-Liftoff-Carbon-Management-vPUB_update.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery) https://preview.redd.it/e3ao4q5dd7wa1.png?width=979&format=png&auto=webp&s=bacff7a6228e6f305365fa3e8e10da176db1fef5 # Purpose of this Report These Commercial Liftoff reports aim to establish a common fact base and ongoing dialogue with the private sector around the path to commercial lift-off for critical clean energy technologies. Their goal is to catalyze more rapid and coordinated action across the full technology value chain. # Executive Summary Modeling studies suggest reaching U.S. energy transition goals will require capturing and storing 400 to 1,800 million tonnes (MT) of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) annually by 2050, through both point-source carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR).i Today, the U.S. has over 20 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) of carbon capture capacity, 1–5% of what could be needed by 2050.1,ii, iii This scale-up represents a massive investment opportunity of up to \~$100 billion by 2030 and $600 billion by 2050. America’s >20 MTPA of capture capacity already leads the world in carbon management, and the U.S. is an attractive policy and resource environment for further deployment. An increase in the value of the 45Q tax credit—a federal tax credit provided for stored or utilized CO2—has provided a greater incentive and more certainty to developers and investors and is likely to yield attractive returns for several types of projects.iv In addition, recent climate and infrastructure legislation has provided \~$12 billion in funding to support U.S. carbon management projects. The U.S. has excellent geology for storing CO2 , world-class engineering and professional talent, and relatively abundant low-cost zero-carbon energy resources that can power carbon dioxide removal (CDR) projects to maximize net carbon removed. Many large-scale carbon management projects are already proving financially attractive today with enhancements to the federal 45Q tax credit, and investors have raised billions to take advantage of these opportunities.v,vi These investments range from early-stage equity investments in carbon capture technology providers to large-scale private equitybacked investments in CO2 transport infrastructure. This report outlines the path to meaningful scale in carbon management, which we expect to develop between near-term and longer-term opportunities through 2030 (Figure 1.).2,3,4 1. For near-term (through 2030) opportunities, projects in industries with high-purity CO2 streams (e.g., ethanol, natural gas processing, hydrogen) have the best project economics. Many of these types of projects are in active development or are already in operation. Large-scale transportation and storage infrastructure is likely to emerge to serve these projects. These developments—along with some promising demonstration projects in higher-cost carbon management applications (e.g., steel, cement)—will lay the foundation for more widespread deployment by establishing best-practices in contracting, financing, permitting, community engagement, labor agreements, workforce development, and, in some cases, through building out common carrier transport and storage infrastructure that future projects can use. 2. For longer-term (post-2030) opportunities—industries with lower-purity CO2 streams and distributed process emissions — project economics must improve to make widescale deployment likely in the absence of other drivers (e.g., regulation). Demonstration projects from now through 2030 can support cost declines—both through learning-by-doing and standardizing project development structures. And increased policy support (either via regulation or incentives) or technology premiums for low-carbon products (e.g., low embodied carbon steel and concrete) would lead to more CCUS and CDR projects.5 These end-user-backed technology premiums combined with sustained and predictable government support can provide consistent revenue streams as deployment experience reduces costs. # ON AUGUST 17, 2022 NIOCORP STATED ~New Federal Legislation Could Deliver Powerful New Benefits to NioCorp for its Critical Minerals~ [New Federal Legislation Could Deliver Powerful New Benefits to NioCorp for its Critical Minerals - NioCorp Developments Ltd.](https://www.niocorp.com/new-federal-legislation-could-deliver-powerful-new-benefits-to-niocorp-for-its-critical-minerals/) [ Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 Provides a 10% Advanced Manufacturing Tax Credit Applicable to Most of NioCorp’s Planned Products](https://preview.redd.it/jl0xbrv8e7wa1.png?width=980&format=png&auto=webp&s=1560aec400eae53fdc2e72ad6585d8538949cdf0) ***New Electric Vehicle Federal Tax Credit Tied to Increasing use of Critical Minerals That are Produced in the U.S. or Allied Nations*** **CENTENNIAL, Colo., August 17, 2022— The “Inflation Reduction Act of 2022,” signed into law by President Biden this week, includes multiple financial and tax incentives designed to encourage greater production of critical minerals in the U.S. Virtually all of the critical minerals NioCorp Developments Ltd. (“NioCorp” or the “Company”) (TSX:NB) (OTCQX:NIOBF) intends to produce as part of its Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project in Nebraska (the “Project”) would be eligible for new tax credits once the Project is financed and placed into commercial production.** **“President Biden and Congressional leaders deserve credit for ‘walking the talk’ in this legislation on the need to make more of our own critical minerals in the U.S., and to reduce our reliance on foreign nations that hold the key to our nation’s success in transitioning to a less carbon-intensive economy,” stated Mark A. Smith, NioCorp’s President, CEO and Executive Chairman.** # Other Provisions That Could Benefit NioCorp **Other provisions of the law are aimed at encouraging greater production of critical minerals in the U.S.:** **$500 million for “enhanced use” of the Defense Production Act to provide economic incentives to create, maintain, protect, expand, or restore domestic sources for critical components, critical technology items, and industrial resources.** # $40 billion commitment authority for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program (Title XVII), on top of DOE’s existing commitment authority of approximately $24 billion. The Innovative Technologies Loan Guarantee Program authorizes loan guarantees for projects that (1) “avoid, reduce, utilize, or sequester” air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases; and (2) employ “new or significantly improved technologies” as compared to commercial technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued. # THE 2023 National Defense Act Calls out ~NIOBIUM & TITANIUM & SCANDIUM & the need to establish a U.S. Industrial Base for the Supply & Processing of ALL! (Pages # 242-#256)~ [https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220711/CRPT-117hrpt397.pdf](https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220711/CRPT-117hrpt397.pdf) https://preview.redd.it/i7nojw37f7wa1.png?width=865&format=png&auto=webp&s=c267d04045659cf15853887dac34df21790b6805 # NIOCORP IS WORKING TO COMPLETE FINAL DEMONSTRATION PLANT OPERATIONS WHICH WILL PROVE OUT PRODUCTION AT SCALE!!!!!!~ (FOR NIOBIUM, SCANDIUM, TITANIUM & VIABLE RARE EARTH MINERALS)~ "Maybe Folks need this information prior to final commitments.....???)** # DoE/LPO Project Pipeline Updates MARCH 2023 [125 applications asking for cumulatively $119.0B of loans!!!!!](https://preview.redd.it/ipvcj1ake7wa1.png?width=820&format=png&auto=webp&s=576cea9b4ab788cdf18be5deefcea63d47546f00) ***As of the end of 2022, we are processing 125 applications asking for cumulatively $119.0B of loans and are averaging 1.4 new applications per week. To highlight this new generation of projects, LPO re-launched its popular*** [***poster series***](https://www.energy.gov/lpo/posters)***, featuring*** [***hydrogen***](https://www.energy.gov/lpo/hydrogen)***,*** [***critical materials***](https://www.energy.gov/lpo/critical-materials)***, and*** [***advanced fossil***](https://www.energy.gov/lpo/advanced-fossil)***. We also launched the*** [***VPPieces***](https://www.energy.gov/lpo/listings/vppieces) ***blog series to educate consumers and other stakeholders about the role virtual power plants (VPPs) can play in the clean energy transition.*** \*\*\*\*(THERE ARE OVER 125 ACTIVE & PENDING APPLICATIONS SEEKING OVER $119 BILLION. APPLICATIONS THAT THE DoE/LPO does not Comment ON...UNTIL they DO......! )\*\*\* ​ # Sharing Responses from Jim Sims to three relevant questions on 3/13/2023 *\*\*Jim-\*\*A) Could you offer comment on What Scope 3 emissions mean for the Elk Creek mine moving forward into production & to the end users utilizing the products being processed at the mine? & Would Niocorp's Scope 3 Carbon Emission Reductions qualify for/as "Carbon Credits" in the context above? Could/Does Niocorp's "Carbon Friendly GHG/ESG" mining processes & work scope qualify for- INNOVATIVE CLEAN ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEES | Department of Energy?* Response: **"We have made an internal estimate of the benefits of our planned products at a Scope 3 emissions level. However, the definition and applicability of Scope 3 emissions must eventually be determined by government regulators, and the SEC is examining many aspects of this issue now.** # At present and in general, carbon credits are created by mitigation measures taken at the Scope 1 emissions level, although there are several different approaches being examined across the U.S. As to DOE programs, I am not allowed to comment on that at this time." ​ B) Is/Could an "ANCHOR" Investor/s still have interest in the Elk Creek Project? Comment If you can... (A,B,C,D.... as all options are on the table.) **Response:** # "Yes. " C) (Follow up) - Is Niocorp still engaged with "Several Federal Agencies" other than the EXIM Bank as sources for "Debt" or Off-take agreements? Comment if you can... ***Response:*** # "Yes, multiple federal agencies, elected officials in the Congress, and the WH. " [\~TEAM NIOCORP IN D.C. MEETING WITH White House Staff Jan. 2023\~ \\"It does sound like other options are still on the table.....imho...\\"](https://preview.redd.it/m7v5puzwd7wa1.png?width=800&format=png&auto=webp&s=630915a592868496dd14ef58a60acddad1a3f65f) # MARCH 7, 2023~Centennial company gets big boost in its plans to mine strategic minerals and metals in the U.S.~ [Centennial, Colorado, company NioCorp Developments gets big boost in its plans to mine strategic minerals and metals in the United States - CBS Colorado (cbsnews.com)](https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/news/niocorp-developments-mine-strategic-minerals-metals-united-states-centennial-colorado/) [ CBS News Colorado's Shaun Boyd interviews Mark Smith. ](https://preview.redd.it/jueryxn7g7wa1.png?width=620&format=png&auto=webp&s=f1f0e6da22e0cd7638b5e60baab5de52cac5b5c3) # Smith says NioCorp has been laying the groundwork for the mining project for nearly 10 years. "We have all of our permits in place. We have our technical feasibility study done. We've done all the drilling to define the mineral resources." He says the company will know in the next 6-9 months if the Export-Import bank's financing will come through. It will take about 3 years, he says, to build the mine, which will employ 400-500 workers. NioCorp also plans to open a manufacturing facility with the mine to convert the minerals and metals into useable products like magnets. Smith says, NioCorp already has buyers lined up for the niobium and scandium. # "We have a ways to go but the good news is people are starting to see this and are taking steps to make those changes. We've been preaching this for a long time without an audience. (Now) we have an audience." # APRIL 4, 2023 ~NioCorp Achieves Processing # Breakthrough in Demonstration Plant Testing of Niobium and Titanium Production~ [NioCorp Achieves Processing Breakthrough in Demonstration Plant Testing of Niobium and Titanium Production - NioCorp Developments Ltd.](https://www.niocorp.com/niocorp-achieves-processing-breakthrough-in-demonstration-plant-testing-of-niobium-and-titanium-production/) [ New Process May Allow NioCorp to Produce Higher-Purity Versions of its Niobium and Titanium Products, Which May Open New Markets to the Company ](https://preview.redd.it/jn673dave7wa1.png?width=350&format=png&auto=webp&s=98c1ffaeda95f5d796a0fa3aebbd98fbf4fd0903) **CENTENNIAL, Colo.  (April 4, 2023) – NioCorp Developments Ltd. (“NioCorp” or the “Company“) (Nasdaq:NB; TSX: NB) and L3 Process Developments (“L3“) are pleased to announce a process breakthrough in niobium and titanium recovery achieved at L3’s demonstration-scale processing plant Trois-Rivieres, Quebec.  The breakthrough points to a potentially more efficient way to process niobium and titanium into higher-purity products, which may in turn open up new markets for NioCorp’s proposed Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project (the** **“Project“) planned products, once sufficient financing is obtained to allow the Project to proceed to commercial operation.** Form Your Own Opinions & Conclusions above!Given the responses above. I would speculate that other U.S. Govt. Entities ARE INTERESTED & INVOLVED, & not just the EXIM Bank. Even an Anchor Investor could be a Private Industry Partner, or Federal or Allied State player/s. # ~RESULTS PENDING END OF APRIL~MAY 2023~ "INTERESTING TRAIL!".....~ # Form Your Own Opinions & Conclusions above! Given the responses above. I would speculate that other U.S. Govt. Entities ARE INTERESTED & INVOLVED, & not just the EXIM Bank. Even an Anchor Investor could be a Private Industry Partner, or Federal or Allied State player/s.GIVEN : The June 2022 updated Feasibility Studies NPV currently does not include any UPDATED ECONOMICS from the ongoing Final Demonstration Plant operations! One can imagine below what the possibilities might be once Rare Earths & improved Recovery Rates for Titanium & Niobium are added into a final 2023 F.S.REE production “North of 750 tons per year!” per Scott Honan # SEE VIDEO ~ NioCorp Developments has a " very Large Rare Earth deposit" in Nebraska~ [https://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/982962/niocorp-developments-has-a-very-large-rare-earth-deposit-in-nebraska-982962.html](https://www.proactiveinvestors.com/companies/news/982962/niocorp-developments-has-a-very-large-rare-earth-deposit-in-nebraska-982962.html) ​ **My guess NIOCORP will produce the following when compared to MP materials & 3 other U.S. projects (& This could be low! NIOCORP could produce 1000 TONS PER/YEAR given the metrics of the deposit IMHO!)** **600 tons per year Ny/Pr** = 600,000kg x $134 = **$80,400,000** **24 tons per year of Tb** = 24,000kg x $1,800 = **$43,200,000** **120 tons per year of Dy** = 120,000kg x $260 = **$31,200,000** **Total REE annual value prior to OPEX = $154,800,000 Million at 750 Tons/yr.** **\~ I THINK Niocorp's numbers for Dy & Tr might be a touch more! 30mt & 170mt respectively??? I wouldn't put it past SCOTT & the Team to be able to push output to 1,000 Tons per year!??T.B.D.\~** **That’s $150M plus +\\\~ in additional earnings (Before Opex). \*\*NOTE: This doesn’t include increased recovery rates for the Nb & Ti $$$.** \~Niocorp "Could" push earnings to $600 Million/year\~(\*\*\*\*\*NOTE: Improved Recoveries of Niobium, & Titanium as an improved Titanium Oxide. CaCO3 & MgCO3 New Byproducts & a possible Fe product T.B.D. - "Oh my!") \~MP MATERIALS CAN ONLY PRODUCE LIGHT RARE EARTHS!!!!! & WILL NOT PRODUCE NIOBIUM, SCANDIUM OR TITANIUM\~"MAYBE OTHER ENTITIES ARE WAITING FOR ALL FINAL DEMO RESULTS TO BE INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED FOR COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS ???? # Waiting for Material News as it becomes available with Many! ​ https://preview.redd.it/qnxsyxy2h7wa1.png?width=320&format=png&auto=webp&s=9ebcc1bb562b38decc16bf4936c4f3005d985c24 # "Time to Make PANCAKES!".... Go Team NIOCORP..... "ENGAGE!" Chico

# DEC. 3RD, 2024~ Letter to Congress on Price Support for U.S. Critical Minerals [Letter to Congress on Price Support for U.S. Critical Minerals | Bipartisan Policy Center](https://bipartisanpolicy.org/letter/letter-to-congress-on-price-support-for-u-s-critical-minerals/) https://preview.redd.it/6s6jj8zkmt4e1.png?width=974&format=png&auto=webp&s=8c9c46be12330f7f810ec73836d5c66788abd193 # MORE about - China restricting exports of critical minerals to US in response to chip restrictions ***Beijing halts supply of gallium, germanium, and antimony over dual-use concerns*** [China restricts exports of critical minerals to US in response to chip restrictions](https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-restricts-exports-of-critical-minerals-to-us-in-response-to-chip-restrictions/3412793) https://preview.redd.it/pucnibgsmt4e1.png?width=864&format=png&auto=webp&s=b7878cf9f31230095dca55d56cd7eb30ecb42ab5 **BEIJING** China has announced export restrictions on critical minerals to the United States, countering recent US measures targeting its chip industry. The Ministry of Commerce stated that the export of materials with dual military and civilian uses, including gallium, germanium, antimony, and super-hard materials, to US defense manufacturers is now prohibited. Exports of graphite, which is essential for batteries and aerospace applications, will also face tight controls. China justified the measures as compliant with its export control laws, asserting that they aim to safeguard national security and uphold international non-proliferation obligations. As the world’s largest producer of rare metals—accounting for 70% of global output and processing 85%—China’s move could significantly disrupt supply chains. A US Geological Survey (USGS) report warned that restricting gallium and germanium exports could cost the US economy $3.4 billion. The Chinese government had already announced in August 2023 that gallium and germanium exports would be restricted, followed by graphite export controls in December. **Response to chip restrictions** China’s action is a direct response to US restrictions targeting its chip-making industry. The US Commerce Department recently expanded its export controls, prohibiting the sale of 24 types of chip-manufacturing equipment and three categories of software essential for semiconductor production. US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo stated that the measures aim to curb China’s military advancements in cutting-edge technologies. Beijing has condemned the US actions, accusing Washington of using export controls to suppress Chinese industries. The Joe Biden administration has prioritized preventing the transfer of critical technologies to China, notably through the CHIPS and Science Act and broader investment restrictions. Signed into law in August 2022, the CHIPS and Science Act has limited Chinese manufacturers’ access to advanced semiconductor technologies. In August 2023, Biden issued an executive order restricting American companies from investing in critical technology sectors in China, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and microelectronics. # DEC. 3RD, 2024~ China’s Trade Reprisals May Extend to Minerals Like Rare Earths [China’s Trade Reprisals May Extend to Minerals Like Rare Earths – BNN Bloomberg](https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/business/international/2024/12/04/chinas-trade-reprisals-may-extend-to-minerals-like-rare-earths/?taid=67503650555a1b0001ad49ea&utm_campaign=trueAnthem%3A+Trending+Content&utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_source=twitter) [Neodymium in Inner Mongolia. Photographer: Nelson Ching\/Bloomberg \(Nelson Ching\/Bloomberg\)](https://preview.redd.it/xjintalatt4e1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=771aaf1dff73dc386ca43d51f70418d98020bf5d) China isn’t short of options when it comes to critical minerals that could be used as counters in a trade war with the US. Beijing’s ban on Tuesday covering sales to the US of gallium, germanium, antimony and superhard materials, and tighter controls on graphite, are likely an opening salvo in export controls that could be extended to dozens of niche materials if trade frictions with Washington escalate. “This may only be the start of the country ensuring national security and its strategic role in mineral resources,” Citic Securities Co. said in a note. The state-backed brokerage listed 10 commodities, including the 17 elements grouped as rare earths, in which China holds an outsized role as producer or processor. The minerals are typically crucial to high-tech manufacturing, including so-called dual uses in military applications.  Beijing’s latest restrictions were imposed after the White House on Monday slapped fresh curbs on the sale to China of high-end memory chips made by US and foreign companies. The Biden administration is using targeted measures to slow the country’s development of advanced semiconductors and artificial intelligence systems that may help its military.  President-elect Donald Trump, however, has threatened import tariffs as high as 60% on all Chinese goods, a measure that would invite a heavy response from Beijing.  * Beijing is reminding Washington—including the incoming Trump administration—that it has a new arrow in its quiver, said Bloomberg Economics. We expect a second US-China trade war in Donald Trump’s second term. One key difference could be that Beijing escalates by using export controls in response to US tariffs. As well as rare earths, Citic’s list includes tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, tin, indium, chromium, tantalum, niobium and cesium as candidates for export curbs. China also enjoys dominance in other commodities such as arsenic, which has a wide range of applications from herbicides to telecommunications. In recent years, the US has relied on China for 60% of its supply of the metal, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Rare earths, meanwhile, have been a feature of China’s previous trade disputes, and last year the government halted the export of a range of technologies associated with processing the elements, making it harder for the US and its allies to bolster supplies of the strategic raw materials.  In the wake of Beijing’s ban, investors rushed into companies that mine and refine critical minerals. In China, Yunnan Lincang Xinyuan Germanium Industrial Co. surged by 10%, the daily limit, while Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co. rose as much as 7.8%.  In Sydney, Lynas Rare Earths Ltd. advanced as much as 5.6%. The company last month opened the largest processing facility for the elements outside China. The problem for Beijing is that further curbs on strategic minerals will only hasten efforts by the US and its allies to counter its dominance, which will dilute their impact.   For example, when China first tightened export controls on germanium and gallium in 2023, it would have signaled to buyers they needed to diversify supply. As a result, Chinese customs data showed zero exports of the two minerals to the US this year, which suggests that firms were instead tapping inventories or procuring the metal from other sources.  On the Wire China could approve another 100 nuclear reactors over the coming decade, according to an industry lobby group, as the nation turns itself into the world’s biggest operator of atomic power and potentially a major exporter of the technology. Mitsubishi Corp. has suffered a loss of more than $90 million in China after uncovering suspected fraud by one of its copper traders, according to people familiar with the matter. China’s move to ban exports of rare metals to the US underscores the need for trade cooperation between mineral-rich Canada and its southern neighbor. Teck Resources says it’s considering ways to lift germanium output following China’s move to ban shipments of the rare metal to the US. # ****SEE WHAT THE COMPETITON IS DOING I.E. (BEAR LODGE & AMERICAN RARE EARTHS) # DEC. 4th, 2024~ China’s Ban On Rare Earth Exports Good News For Huge Wyoming Projects [China’s Ban On Rare Earth Exports Good News For Huge Wyoming Projects | Cowboy State Daily](https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/12/03/chinas-ban-on-rare-earth-exports-good-news-for-huge-wyoming-projects/) [Rare Element Resources has already started operations at its rare earths demonstration plant in Upton, Wyoming. \(Courtesy Rare Element Resources\)](https://preview.redd.it/p9hch8p5nt4e1.png?width=2048&format=png&auto=webp&s=93bb966b939078e8804799089a0b9fcff5589a99) The leaders of Wyoming’s budding rare earth mining startups were feeling vindicated Tuesday after China announced a ban on exporting several critical minerals to the United States. The Chinese ban announced Tuesday includes gallium, used to make semiconductors, and germanium, used for infrared and fiber optics technology. China also banned antimony, used for military explosives, and super hard materials like tungsten, used for armor-piercing bullets and shells. China’s move followed the Biden administration further cutting off access to advanced American technology, adding 100 Chinese companies to a restricted trade list in an escalating tech war between the two superpowers. “This kind of validates the momentum that is already going here in Wyoming,” Wyoming Rare (USA) President Joe Evers said. “And it also shows that domestic projects like those that are being undertaken in the state of Wyoming are so necessary and important for our economic prosperity and our national defense.” Wyoming has a huge head start on other American states in developing rare earths mines and processing, Evers added, and its position at the front can only be a benefit in what is definitely becoming something of a rare earths arms race. “Most folks take it for granted,” he said. “When you think about these resources, critical minerals and rare earths, they’re in our pockets, in our computers, and in our homes. “It’s in our cars — whatever they might be. But I don’t think we appreciate how much lead time is necessary to bring these projects online.” # Already Working Wyoming also doesn’t have all its rare earth eggs in one basket. It has several projects already in the works. The Halleck Creek project near Wheatland, for example, that Evers’ company is working to bring online, has the potential to be one of the [largest rare earth deposits](https://cowboystatedaily.com/2023/12/23/wyoming-rare-earths-deposit-has-potential-to-be-worlds-richest/) in the nation, if not the world. The U.S. government has already pledged [up to $456 million in financing](https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/09/27/huge-wyoming-rare-earth-project-gets-450-million-loan-from-feds/) for the project. Final assay results from the most recent core samples taken from the area have confirmed some of the highest-grade rare earth oxides to date at the location as it works to flesh out the business case for its mine, according to recent announcements by the company. Concurrent with that effort, the company has continued to make “good progress” on the permitting side of things, Evers added. “We’re getting everything teed up for additional exploration next spring and summer,” he said. “And we’re really focusing in on the metallurgical process of how we get metal out of these rocks that we’re working on out there.” Then there is also Ramaco Resources, which has an unconventional rare earth deposit estimated to be worth at least[ $37 billion](https://cowboystatedaily.com/2023/11/26/37-billion-rare-earths-bonanza-may-only-be-the-beginning-for-wyoming-coal-mine/).  Since then, the company has [revised its estimates](https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/03/26/one-of-worlds-richest-rare-earth-deposits-in-wyoming-may-be-richer/) upward, from 800,000 tons of rare earths to more like 1.5 million tons. While the Halleck Creek deposit doesn’t have any of the listed banned materials, Ramaco’s deposits include both gallium and germanium, both of which are among the more valuable rare earths. [Rare Element Resources has already started operations at its rare earths demonstration plant in Upton, Wyoming. \(Courtesy Rare Element Resources\)](https://preview.redd.it/41d3d6egnt4e1.png?width=1280&format=png&auto=webp&s=df6509bcd7480bb6f5d44d052d07e76290860d14) # Wyoming Head Of The Pack But it’s not just these rich rare earth mining sites that are putting Wyoming ahead of the game. There are also efforts to develop an entirely new, and cheaper, approach to the chemistry of refining rare earth minerals.  That’s where the [recently finished](https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/11/02/uptons-china-busting-rare-earths-demonstration-plant-is-officially-underway/) demonstration plant in Upton comes in. It, too, has received federal assistance for its mission to scale up an economically feasible approach to processing rare earths. That’s been seen as critical to developing a domestic supply, more so even than the mining itself. China has long maintained a stranglehold on rare earth supplies by flooding the market with the minerals, choking out competitors by keeping prices so low, they can’t compete. Rare Element Resources Vice President, General Counsel, and Chief Administrative Officer Kelli Kast told Cowboy State Daily her company views China’s latest announcement as a call to action for domestic sources and technology. And she’s excited to be part of helping to lead that charge here in Wyoming. “It once again shows China’s intention to manipulate the market by putting export restrictions on key critical rare minerals,” she said in an email. “Because Rare Element Resource’s rare earth Bear Lodge deposit near Sundance and our proprietary processing and separation technology is wholly separate from Chinese sourcing and technology, we believe our demonstration project now underway in Upton is even more important, and then the development of our Bear Lodge Mine.” ***Given its proximity to the world-class Bear Lodge deposit, the town could one day be in line for a full-scale operations plant, if American Rare Earths’ process is proven out.*** # SEE ALSO >>>DEC. 4th, 2024~ Australia's Lynas near 3-week high after China bans export of critical minerals to US [Australia's Lynas near 3-week high after China bans export of critical minerals to US | Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/australias-lynas-near-3-week-high-after-china-bans-export-critical-minerals-us-2024-12-04/) [A small toy figure and mineral imitation are seen in front of the Lynas Rare Earths logo in this illustration taken November 19, 2021. REUTERS\/Dado Ruvic\/Illustration\/File Photo](https://preview.redd.it/uswj5c79pt4e1.png?width=720&format=png&auto=webp&s=faede360c6b8fdaf84c19f88b95089014f277663) Dec 4 (Reuters) - Shares of Australia's Lynas Rare Earths [(LYC.AX), opens new tab](https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/LYC.AX) climbed to a near three-week high on Wednesday, a day after China banned exports of some critical mineral to the United States.China on Tuesday [banned exports](https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/china-bans-exports-gallium-germanium-antimony-us-2024-12-03/) of gallium, germanium and antimony that have widespread military applications to the United States, escalating trade tensions after Washington's latest crackdown on China's chip sector. # DEC. 3RD, 2024~ Strengthening Canada-U.S. Critical Mineral Partnership Amid Rising Geopolitical Tensions [Strengthening Canada-U.S. Critical Mineral Partnership Amid Rising Geopolitical Tensions | Morningstar](https://www.morningstar.com/news/pr-newswire/20241203ot71213/strengthening-canada-us-critical-mineral-partnership-amid-rising-geopolitical-tensions) https://preview.redd.it/jbykg1uhpt4e1.png?width=265&format=png&auto=webp&s=99908fc043dd7e2c69c5ac2c330cb14769f0eb63 OTTAWA, ON, Dec. 3, 2024 /PRNewswire/ - China's recent decision to ban exports of gallium, germanium, antimony, and other high-tech materials with potential military applications in retaliation for U.S. restrictions on semiconductor-related exports, underscores the precariousness of global supply chains. This development highlights the vital role of the Canada-U.S. trade relationship in addressing supply chain vulnerabilities. China's actions serve as a stark reminder of the challenges posed by geopolitical tensions, particularly on the reliable supply of critical minerals. These materials are essential not only for technological innovation and economic growth but also for defense applications critical to national security. Canada has long been a dependable partner, providing certainty to U.S. manufacturing and defense industries by serving as a major supplier of minerals and metals. In 2022, 52% of Canada's mineral exports—valued at over $80 billion—were destined for the U.S.. Strengthening the free flow of minerals and metals between Canada and the U.S. is more critical than ever. Imposing tariffs on Canadian mineral and metal exports to the U.S. would run counter to the shared goals of secure and reliable supply chains. Such measures risk disrupting the essential flow of these resources, undermining the competitiveness of North American industries, and exacerbating vulnerabilities in critical mineral supply chains that both nations are working to address. The partnership on critical minerals between Canada and the U.S. began in earnest with the development of the [Joint Action Plan on Critical Minerals Collaboration](https://c212.net/c/link/?t=0&l=en&o=4316856-1&h=362338770&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fnatural-resources-canada%2Fnews%2F2020%2F01%2Fcanada-and-us-finalize-joint-action-plan-on-critical-minerals-collaboration.html&a=Joint+Action+Plan+on+Critical+Minerals+Collaboration) in 2020 under President Trump. This collaboration has continued under the Biden administration, demonstrating the enduring importance of this strategic alliance. As the U.S. prepares for a new administration, we look forward to working closely with the incoming Trump administration to build on this foundation, ensuring the resilience of critical mineral supply chains and supporting shared economic and defense priorities. "The minerals and metals industry in Canada stands ready to strengthen our partnership with the United States, ensuring the free flow of these essential resources that drive economic growth, defense capabilities, and technological advancement on both sides of the border.  The security and well-being of all Canadians and Americans depends on it." said Pierre Gratton, President and CEO of MAC. *The mining industry is a major sector of Canada's economy, contributing $161 billion to the national GDP and is responsible for 21 percent of Canada's total domestic exports. Canada's mining sector employs 694,000 people directly and indirectly across the country. The industry is proportionally the largest private sector employer of Indigenous peoples in Canada and a major customer of Indigenous-owned businesses.* # EXCELLENT READ WITH COFFEE BELOW, IF YOU HAVE NOT DONE SO...... https://preview.redd.it/zsowzvn7ot4e1.png?width=472&format=png&auto=webp&s=63870a394d46b017d539d30fda0ac159ba6bdbd4 # SEPT. 2024 ~ EXECUTIVE REPORT TO U.S. HOMELAND SECURITY # ~THE THREAT OF LIMITED U.S. ACCESS TO CRITICAL RAW MINERALS~ [Threat of Limited U.S. Access to Critical Raw Materials](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2024-09/2024aepthreatoflimitedusaccesstocriticalrawmaterials.pdf) https://preview.redd.it/nyz9ugunnt4e1.png?width=1019&format=png&auto=webp&s=7c567d9bbff26b2eb9922feab424981385bdda50 https://preview.redd.it/vwjx04oxot4e1.png?width=912&format=png&auto=webp&s=205e787a403ab003324eb8bc0355a56e6c7e655b # FORM YOUR OWN OPINIONS & CONCLUSIONS ABOVE: # Niocorp's Elk Creek Project is "Standing Tall"....see for yourself... # [NioCorp Developments Ltd. – Critical Minerals Security](https://www.niocorp.com/) https://preview.redd.it/37a3jzafqt4e1.png?width=1080&format=png&auto=webp&s=2033fdf7ed1d5c29ff271bfb8c1c09f3622a1008 https://preview.redd.it/tuhqy0t8qt4e1.png?width=1080&format=png&auto=webp&s=e4fba6fa8e53598e1dffb1be5f8c00742326e22a https://preview.redd.it/0cr52op0qt4e1.png?width=1080&format=png&auto=webp&s=aef1fb8baf2ac1fc74eedaaaa2649b89fe6f1112 # ~KNOWING WHAT NIOBIUM, TITANIUM, SCANDIUM & RARE EARTH MINERALS CAN DO FOR BATTERIES, MAGNETS, LIGHT-WEIGHTING, AEROSPACE, MILITARY, OEMS, ELECTRONICS & SO MUCH MORE....~ # ~KNOWING THE NEED TO ESTABLISH A U.S. DOMESTIC, SECURE, TRACEABLE, ESG DRIVEN, CARBON FRIENDLY, GENERATIONAL CRITICAL MINERALS MINING; & A CIRCULAR-ECONOMY & MARKETPLACE FOR ALL~ https://preview.redd.it/bg35f0rzpt4e1.png?width=917&format=png&auto=webp&s=71b3f560c4a878530e019a4e738ecae2da2eeba3 # ~ WAITING FOR MORE LIGHTNING ($$$$$) WITH MANY!~ READY TO ENGAGE.....!!! 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